WEEK OF 6/14/10 THROUGH 6/18/10
As we are in the unit of astronomy; I find that it is pretty interesting. Today, the weather was pretty warm, which made me think about the sun. The sun is plasma which is located in the middle of our solar system; all the planets rotate around it. The sun is about ninety-three millions miles away from Earth and scientists believe that about one millions Earths could fit inside the Sun (that’s how big it is.) In addition, the sun is also classified as a star.

WEEK OF 6/7/10 THROUGH 6/11/10
Metamorphic rocks are formed under the surface of the Earth. These rocks are formed mostly due to the heat and pressure below Earth. Gneiss and marble (another type of rock my dad works with) are both classified as metamorphic rocks. Metamorphic rocks have ribbon-like layers and may have shiny crystals, which are formed by minerals over time.

WEEK OF 5/31/10 THROUGH 6/4/10
My dad works with rocks. He is a professional tile installer. The rock he mostly works with is granite; which are practically igneous rocks. Igneous rocks are formed when magma, molten rocks deep within the Earth, cools and hardens. The magma can cool inside the Earth and it cal also cools when it erupts from Earth in the form of lava. When lava cools fast, no crystals are able to form and the rock looks shiny and glasslike.

WEEK OF 5/24/10 THROUGH 5/28/10
I was walking and I saw some rocks and sediment which made me think of sedimentary rocks. Sedimentary rocks are formed from sand, shells, and pebble particles. Altogether, these particles are called sediment. Gradually, the sediment accumulates in layers of over a long period of time hardens into rock.

WEEK OF 5/17/10 THROUGH 5/21/10
We are learning astronomy in science and I thought about the biggest planet in the solar system, which is Jupiter. Jupiter is composed out of gas. It is so huge that about one thousand Earths could fit inside it. The mass of Jupiter is three hundred and eighteen times larger than that of Earth. In addition, Jupiter is also considered a small galaxy of its own because it has sixty-three moons while Earth has one. The most important moons of Jupiter are the four Galilean moons: Io, Ganymede, Callisto, and Europa. That’s a little bit of information about Jupiter.

WEEK OF 5/10/10 THROUGH 5/14/10
I am in track and many students, including me, are complaining about their legs. Coaches have identified this as shin-splints. According to my research, there are many causes of shin splints including insufficient footwear; increasing training too quickly; and running on hard surfaces. Symptoms of shin splints consist of swelling; lumps and bumps; and pain when toes or foot are bent downwards. To prevent shin splints athletes need to rest and allow the injury to heal; and apply ice when particularly very painful.

WEEK OF 5/3/10 THROUGH 5/7/10
Today I was watching mystery Diagnosis again. This issue was about a woman with Polymyositis. Polymyositis can be defined as a rare auto immune disease that occurs when white blood cells spontaneously invade muscle tissue, and in some cases lung tissue. The affected tissue becomes irritated and stops functioning properly. In the case of the women in the issue, she had a massive amount of white blood cells, about four times the average adult would have. Though, according to further numerous tests; researchers have found she has elevated CPK; an enzyme found in the heart, brain and muscle. Therefore, indicating muscle damage and inflammation. Doctors have initiated that her muscles were leaking these enzymes into her blood stream. The woman in the movie has been dealing with shortness of breath, swollen hands and wrists, sweating and extreme weakness.

WEEK OF 4/26/10 THROUGH 4/30/10
I was watching Mystery Diagnosis; and it was about a girl who had Pulmonary Hypertension. Pulmonary Hypertension is a really rare disease and anybody who has it may look totally normal. Though, the girl in Mystery Diagnosis has been experiencing burning chest pains and fainting spells nearly her whole life. Through many doctor trips, everyone seems to say she is lazy and a bit overweight; until finally, a doctor who cares shows up. He concludes that he hears a heart murmur from the girl’s heart. A heart murmur is an unusual sound that can be heard in addition to your normal heart beat. Most murmurs are harmless, though some can be a sign of significant heart problems, such as murmurs from a hole in the heart. Though according to the girl’s results her heart was perfectly fine and everything structurally was totally normal. Though she, had very high pressure on the right side of the heart; which was making the right side of her heart very weak; the high blood pressure was coming from the blood vessels in the lungs; by definition, that is pulmonary hypertension. Primary Pulmonary Hypertension is an extreme rare lung disorder; the blood pressure in the pulmonary artery rises far above normal levels for no apparent reason. The pulmonary artery carries blood from the right chamber of the heart to the lungs. Patients who suffer from Pulmonary Hypertension have blood pumping through their pulmonary artery at more than double the rate of healthy individuals. Pulmonary Hypertension is mostly from the fact that the lining cells go from being a nice smooth surface to something disruptive. The muscles start to close down on the artery, and the arteries start to close, over time the vessels go from wide open to totally closed. Therefore, the pressure to get through those arteries builds up and it becomes extremely high; causing the heart to work harder than usual to move blood through to the lungs.

WEEK OF 4/19/10 THROUGH 4/23/10
In science, we are learning about waves. So, far I learned about water waves, light waves and sound waves. Water waves are originated from any disturbance including a pebble striking the surface, a boat gliding across the water, or the movement of an earthquake or the wind. Light waves originate from the up and down motion of electric and magnetic fields. Thus making them transverse waves. Sound waves originate from the vibrations of an object.

WEEK OF 4/12/10 THROUGH 4/16/10
We are learning about waves and diffraction comes up frequently. According to the MSN Encarta Dictionary; diffraction means the bending or spreading out of waves. For example: sound or light, as they pass around an obstacle or through a narrow crack. Without diffraction, the only way people would hear each other would stand right in front of the person; and the only way light would shine upon us is standing right beneath a light bulb.

WEEK OF 4/5/10 THROUGH 4/9/10
When we are hungry we raid the refrigerator because we are heterotroph (or consumer). Heterotrophs (consumer) are people that need to get their energy from the foods they eat. Conifers, like green plants, can’t just reach the fridge for a snack. They have to make their own food. Green plants are called autotrophs (producer). Autotrophs use light energy from the sun to produce the food they need. This brings us to the process of photosynthesis. Photosynthesis is a process set up of steps that happen in a certain order inside the cells of green plants. First of all, the chlorophyll in the cells of the plant absorbs light from the sun. Then, the sun’s energy splits the water molecules into hydrogen and oxygen. Continually, the hydrogen joins with carbon dioxide to make sugar (food.) Finally, the sugar is carried to other parts of the plants and the extra oxygen is released into the air. The simple sugar made during photosynthesis is not the sweet sugar that we put in our tea; it is a simple substance that is used by the plants to make more complex substances like fats, proteins, and starches. Basically, Photosynthesis is the process in which plants use the energy from the sunlight to produce sugar.

WEEK OF 3/29/10 THROUGH 4/2/10
The majority of stored fat is present under the skin. This fat tissue is made up of fat cells. Humans can have anywhere between 50-200 billion fat cells around the body. As we get older the less exercise we get; and our muscles can gradually be replaced with fat. It is impossible to choose any part of the body where you wish to reduce fat stores. With regular exercise and staying on a healthy diet you’ll decrease the overall body fat, this will also help reduce fat in the most abundant parts of the body, or those problem areas.

WEEK OF 3/22/10 THROUGH 3/26/10
Cancer is the uncontrolled abnormal cell growth and development. New cells are constantly generated and take over those cells that contain normal cellular function. There are many types of cancers; Leukemia is a cancer of blood cells in the bone marrow. There is also a type of skin cancer; most people get skin cancer from the sun. The sun kills your cells is why you peel. In addition, there is a lung cancer that mostly develops from smoking. Those are some of the types of cancers there are.

WEEK OF 3/15/10 THROUGH 3/19/10
I watched a movie this weekend and it was about a lady who was dying from anemia. The type of anemia that she had was IDA (Iron deficiency anemia.) She was really weak and pale because she didn’t have enough iron. In addition, she sometimes fainted. According to my research, your body needs iron to make hemoglobin. Hemoglobin is a protein in red-blood cells; it carries oxygen around the body. One of the causes of IDA is not eating enough foods that contain iron. Foods such as ground beef, sunflower seeds, clams, spinach can provide you with iron, and decrease the probability of getting IDA.

WEEK OF 3/8/10 THROUGH 3/12/10
Everybody is talking worriedly about global warming. In my case, I don’t really care, though; I decided to research it a bit. Global warming is the increase of temperature on Earth. As Earth is getting hotter, disaster such as hurricanes, droughts, floods are becoming more frequent. In fact, according to several websites I found out that the earthquake in Haiti occurred from global warming.

WEEK OF 3/1/10 THROUGH 3/5/10
This week I learned something about the different types of simple machines there are six simplest machines. These machines are lever, pulley, wedge, inclined plane, screw, and wheel and axles. These machines make work easier. They usually increase the distance but decrease the force or effort needed. Work can be calculated by the formula (Work=Distance*Force).

WEEK OF 2/22/10 THROUGH 2/26/10
I learned about the heaviest person that ever lived. His name was John Brower Minnoch (1941 – 1983). The most he ever weighed was 1, 387 pounds that 630 kilograms (That is half a ton!) Wow! He was brought to the hospital with heart and respiratory failure, after being on a hospital diet for two years he lost 476 pounds. Finally, when he returned home he gained 197 pounds in SEVEN days. So, he lived three more years and died.

WEEK OF 2/15/10 THROUGH 2/19/10
I just figured out that my arm is a lever. Really! (I was excited). A lever is a rigid rod or bar that pivots (rotates) about a fixed point. This point is called a fulcrum. Applying a force (called the effort) to one side of the lever causes the load force at the opposite side of the lever. The top of the arm where the shoulder and arm meets is where the fulcrum would be. It can also be a lever where the elbow is the fulcrum (if that’s where you move it.) Other examples of levers are: scissors; toilet seat; bat; stapler; nail clippers.

WEEK OF 2/8/10 THROUGH 2/12/10
The average amount of blood an average adult has is 10-15 pints. In addition, blood makes up 7% of the bodies weight. Our blood has red-blood-cell and white-blood-cells. Red blood cells are also called erythrocytes, these are found in the body more than any other type of cell, and each has a life span of about four months. White blood cells are also called leukocytes; these are the blood cells that defend the body against infection, germs, bacteria, viruses, and more. There are a fewer number of white-blood-cells than Red-blood-cells.

WEEK OF 2/1/10 THROUGH 2/5/10
At birth the human body has 350 bones. Along the way, some of the bones fuse together and the amount of bones decreases to 206 bones. The main types of bones that protect and support the body and organs are skull, sternum, ribs, and the backbone. Joints are formed when two bones connect with each other. Our bones are connected by ligaments. Femur is the strongest bone in the body. Muscles are connected to bones by tendons.

WEEK OF 1/25/10 THROUGH 1/29/10
On the 28th of January, our physical education class was working out in the Weight Room. I was on one of those big blue exercise balls. I was trying to stand with my knees on the exercise ball. Apparently, my knees went too far ahead and I was running into the big squat machine. Unprepared, I dropped my knees to the ground and they traveled on the rubber rug (friction) about two feet. My knees both got injured. On one of my knees, I received huge, bloody injury. Rug burns are caused by heat and friction. As my knees were sliding against the rubber floor that was creating friction, and friction creates heat. When you are sliding through the floor, the injury breaks and tears the tiny blood vessels that are right under the skin’s surface. Platelets are the object in the body that comes to help stop the bleeding. The platelets come and clot the wound, to help keep blood and other fluids from leaking out of the body. Underneath the burn, new skin cells reproduce to repair the wound. Damaged blood vessels are repaired, and white blood cells help attack any germs that have gotten into the body through the wound.

WEEK OF 1/18/10 THROUGH 1/22/10
This week I burned myself about five times from the hot glue gun. We have two main layers of skin called epidermis and dermis. The epidermis is the layer that protects the skin, it’s the barrier. The dermis layer is where sweat glands, hair follicles and such belong. Bourns destroy that body’s abilities to regulate its processes. There are three types of burns first degree, second degree, and third degree. First degree burns are usually go along with a little redness and swelling. Second degree burns are the most painful; they create a deep redness of the skin, along with swelling and blistering. Third degree burns aren’t as painful but are a lot more dangerous. These burns aren’t painful due to the completed destruction of the skin layers. I suppose I received a second degree burn because the pain was strappingly painful. In fact, the burn turned into a bubble.

WEEK OF 1/11/10 THROUGH 1/15/10
Something scientific that I did was breath. In fact, without oxygen we would die. The breathing process all starts from the nose, when we inhale air, it passes through our nasal passages, this is the place where the air is filtered, heated, moistened. Then the air goes to the back of the throat and travels to the lungs. The air expands like a balloon in our lungs and as we begin to relax the lungs begin to collapse because there is no air, and on we go we our next and next breath.

WEEK OF 1/4/10 THROUGH 1/8/10
This weekend; I watched my cousin show off with his skateboard (I could barely balance on one without falling). This made me think about the lesson we had on force, energy, inertia, kinetic and potential energy. As he was skating down the hill he was using his potential energy while using kinetic energy as well (because kinetic energy is the energy of a moving object). In addition, as he was skating down hill; he was gaining potential energy. Finally, he came to a stop, slowed down by an unbalanced force called friction.

WEEK OF 12/14/09 THROUGH 12/18/09
Something scientific that I did was baking a cake. In my opinion, this is scientific because it relates to the lesson on mixtures and compounds. As I was mixing, eggs, sugar, and water it looked different at the start; then it turned into some creamy, thick batter. Throughout the process; I examined different types of mixtures (Heterogeneous and homogenous). Later, I watched the cake as the batter slowly rose forming a soft, physical change.